Does the Muse S Athena’s fNIRS actually improve brain decoding?
Published:
The new Muse S Athena wearable EEG headband is now multimodal! Besides EEG it also includes optical sensors to measure fNIRS. This is a pretty big deal, as we are entering an era where consumer wearables ship with truly multimodal brain sensing out of the box. And there’s good reason for excitement: EEG and fNIRS measure fundamentally complementary aspects of brain activity. EEG captures fast, synchronous neural oscillations on a millisecond timescale, while fNIRS tracks the slower hemodynamic response, which are changes in blood oxygenation that follow neural activation with a delay of several seconds. These two signals are linked through neurovascular coupling but sensitive to different physiology and different artifacts, making them natural candidates for fusion (Hong & Khan, 2017; Chiarelli et al., 2022).



